浒苔堆肥化处理及对大白菜产量和品质的影响

以浒苔和玉米秸秆为主要堆肥原料,采用高温堆肥技术进行堆肥处理,并在大白菜生产中进行了试验研究.结果表明,浒苔+秸秆+EM菌剂堆肥处理50℃以上高温持续时间最长,达到19 d,优于鸡粪堆肥处理的高温时间,堆肥效果最好.有机物料腐熟剂可使堆体温度快速上升,主要保持在中温阶段发酵.浒苔堆肥对大白菜具有明显的增产作用,对其品质影响较小,肥效与鸡粪堆肥相当.施用浒苔堆肥可以减少化肥的施用量,避免养分淋失和对环境的污染.但浒苔堆肥施用量过大时可导致土壤pH值降低和土壤盐分含量提高.因此,浒苔堆肥在蔬菜生产中应用时要根据土壤理化性状确定施肥量,浒苔与秸秆或鸡粪混合堆肥作基肥施用时一般以不超过11.25 t/hm~2、单独施用浒苔(干),其用量以不超过5.6 t/hm~2为宜.     

基于GC-MS的浒苔代谢产物提取方法研究

[目的]研究浒苔代谢产物的提取方法。[方法]以浒苔为研究对象,用不同的细胞破碎方式、溶剂提取体系、料液比等对均一样本的代谢产物进行提取,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)鉴定代谢产物成分,利用主成分分析等方法,对不同的代谢提取体系进行评价。[结果]溶剂体系甲醇-三氯甲烷-水(7∶3∶3)和液氮处理-球磨破碎-超声波的破壁方法提取并鉴定出81种代谢产物,该方法具有高提取产率、高重现性、易操作和速度快等优点。[结论]溶剂体系甲醇-三氯甲烷-水(7∶3∶3)和液氮处理-球磨破碎-超声波破壁是适合浒苔代谢物提取的方法,该方法可为浒苔及大型绿藻的代谢组学研究提供参考。     

浒苔资源利用的研究进展及应用前景

浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)俗称苔条、青海苔,为绿藻门、石莼科、浒苔属大型海藻类。藻体直立,管状中空或藻体柄部和边缘部分呈中空,管状部分由单层细胞组成。藻体单条或有分枝,圆柱形,有时部分扁压。藻体基部形成固着器。欧、美、亚洲黄海和日本海等海域中均有广泛分布[1]。     

浒苔对重金属Pb~(2+)的生物吸附及其生理反应

研究了浒苔对Pb2+的生物吸附能力及不同浓度Pb2+对浒苔的叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响。试验结果表明,暴露72h后,浒苔对Pb2+的去除率平均为(84.44±0.99)%,本试验范围内呈先升后降的趋势。叶绿素a、b含量在Pb2+不同质量浓度处理下呈现一定波动,但叶绿素a/b的比值变化不大。可溶性糖含量与空白对照相比总体上增加,而蛋白质含量总体上略有减少,但两者均有随着Pb2+质量浓度不断上升先升后降的趋势。浒苔对Pb2+具有较好的去除率和一定的生理抗性,可以用作低质量浓度含铅废水的去除。     

Evaluation of Enteromorpha prolifera as a feed component in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson, 1846) diets

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Enteromorpha prolifera on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) (Richardson, 1846) (11.41 ± 1.59 g) in floating sea cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) of E. prolifera. Survival ranged from 98.7% to 99.7%, and was independent of dietary treatment (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the feeding rate among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing levels of E. prolifera. When the supplementation of E. prolifera was >5%, SGR was significantly higher compared with the control group (0%). The feed efficiency ratio (FER) in fish fed the diet with 5%E. prolifera (diet 2) was higher than that of the other groups, while in fish fed the diet with 10%E. prolifera (diet 3), it was the lowest (P<0.05). The protein retention (PR) decreased as the level of E. prolifera increased in diets (5%, 10% and 15%). The protein body content displayed a trend similar to that of PR. No significant difference was observed in body moisture and ash among the dietary treatments. An increase in minerals of potassium, magnesium and sodium in body was observed with an increase in dietary seaweed concentrations. On basis of the SGR and FER, supplementation levels of E. prolifera can reach at least 15% without affecting the growth and still maintain a high survival rate for juvenile large yellow croaker.     

浒苔打捞脱水工艺及关键设备

为了对漂浮在海面上的浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)进行快速、高效的打捞处理,研究设计双浮拖网兼水泵抽吸水面聚拢浒苔的打捞方式,在船上直接进行脱水和打包集成处理.该系统解决了原来松散浒苔占据打捞船舶的有效空间和频繁卸载浒苔的问题,提高了打捞效率.     

海带与浒苔混合提取液对草莓生长及品质的影响

海藻提取液能够促进植物生长而广泛用于肥料增效剂,本研究以海藻混合降解提取液制备海藻肥,探讨海带与浒苔不同配比对温室草莓生长和品质的影响。结果表明:海带与浒苔混合降解效果优于单独降解,且海带与浒苔质量比为1∶2时的混合提取液在草莓上的表现效果最好,可使草莓叶绿素含量增加3.59%,相对叶面积增加32.93%,叶厚增加4.44%,同期开花数增加67.86%,同期结果数增加25%,果实横径日均生长速度增加18.87%,增产15.27%,糖度增加15.41%,Vc含量增加6.75%。试验结果还显示,浒苔提取液对草莓促生长作用优于海带提取液。该结果表明,不同原料组配的海藻提取液在草莓种植中表现出更优的作用效果,可为浒苔资源化利用和提高海藻肥利用效率提供参考。